Plant tissue culture and Micro Propagation

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Plants are valuable source of food, fodder, fuel and fiber. The demand for their products is ever increasing globally as well as locally. Techniques used in regenerating whole plants from small tissue or plant cells under controlled conditions are broadly referred to as plant tissue culture. Plant tissue culture, or the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro, is an important tool in both basic and applied studies as well as in commercial application.

Plant tissue culture is based on the principle of “Totipotency” It is the natural ability of plant cells to regenerate into cells, embryos, shoot or roots. It also refers to the in vitro cultivation of plants, seeds, tissues, organs, embryos, single cells, protoplasts on nutrient media under aseptic conditions. It owes its origin to the ideas of the German scientist, Haberlandt, at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the availability of these techniques that led to the application of tissue culture to broad areas of cell behavior, plant modification and improvement, pathogen-free plants and germplasm storage, clonal propagation, and products mainly secondary metabolite formation, starting in the mid-1960s. Cell cultures have remained an important tool in the study of basic areas of plant biology and biochemistry and have assumed major significance in studies in molecular biology and agricultural biotechnology.

The advantages of tissue culture techniques for rapid multiplication of plants, limited requirement of mother plants, Uniformity of planting material, Disease-free planting material, Improved production, Independent of season and environmental conditions. It can also be used to establish cell lines for production of secondary metabolites of commercial importance.

Some of the successfully tissue cultured plants are Banana, pineapple, strawberry, Sugarcane, potato, Turmeric, ginger, vanilla, cardamom, Aloe vera, geranium, stevia, patchouli, bamboo, eucalyptus and populus sps.

Agri based Companies:,Nuziveedu Seeds, Rasi Seeds, Mahyco, Metahelix, Ankur Seeds, Krishidhan Seeds Monsanto, Ajeet Seeds, JK Agrigenetics, Bayer CropScience, Nath Seeds, Bayer Crop Science, Sami laboratories, Cadila Healthcare, Avesthagen, Indo-American Hybrid Seeds, Sri Ramco Biotech, MSR Biotech, K.F.Biotech, Rishi Herbals, Lakshmi Biotech, Labland Biotech.

Future Prospects: The fastest growing sector, BioAgri, has increased its market share in the last five years – from less than five percent to over 14 percent in the 2011industry revenue. The BioAgri market clocked total revenue sales of `2,480 crore in 2010-2011 as against Rs. 1,936 crore in 2009-2010. This accounts for 14.38 percent of the total biotech revenues.